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==Yeast=='''Yeast ''' is a living single-cell fungi used in the production of beer. Yeast is added to sweet wort after cooling to initiate the ''fermentation'' process. During fermentation, yeast cells convert simple sugars such as glucose into carbon dioxide and alcohol. Fermentation can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks to complete. The type of yeast and particular strain of yeast used can have a large impact on the flavor and aroma of your beer. When possible, it is best to choose a yeast strain that is appropriate for the style of beer you are brewing.

Yeasts come in two three basic types - top fermenting ale yeast and bottom fermenting lager yeasts. Of the two, ale yeast are most commonly used for homebrewing because it can be fermented at room temperature.* '''Top Fermenting Yeast''' - Commonly called ''ale yeast'' formally known as ''Saccharomyces cerevisae'' are fermented at or just below room temperature (10-25 C). These yeasts rise during fermentation and form a foamy head at the top of the fermentation vessel. They also produce a strong estery flavor that is a key characteristic of ales. Stouts, Porters and all forms of Ale are made with top fermenting yeast.* '''Bottom Fermenting Yeast''' - Called ''lager yeast'' formally known as ''Saccharomyces uvarum'' is fermented at low temperatures in the range of 7-15 C. Lager yeast grows slowly and tends to settle at the bottom of the fermenter because of the cold temperature. Bocks, Pilsners, Marzens and the large popular American lagers are made with this type of yeast.* '''Bavarian Wheat Yeast''' - Used in Bavarian style wheat beers - known formally as ''Torulaspora delbruechii'' is a yeast that produces a distinct bannana or clove like flavor profile that is characteristic of the Bavarian Wheat Beer.

* [http://www.beersmith.com/Yeasts/Yeasts.htm BeerSmith Yeast ListingTable] - Most of the major homebrew yeasts* [http://www.whitelabs.com/ White Labs Yeast]* [http://www.wyeastlab.com/ Wyeast Labs Yeast]* [http://www.mrmalty.com/pitching.php Yeast Pitching Rates & Calculator]